Web cache server HTTP/2 performance benchmark: nuster vs nginx

This is a simple benchmark comparing the HTTP/2 cache performance of nuster and nginx.

I tested the RPS(Request per second) by h2load.

The test shown that nuster is almost three times faster than nginx.

Here is the result(RPS) when request /helloworld URL containing hello world data.

data size	CONN	nuster	nginx
12(hello world)	1000	338924	110419

Testing environment

Server

Two linux servers are used, an origin web server on server129, and cache server nuster/nginx on server130.

Server	port	app
10.0.0.129		wrk
10.0.0.129	8080	nginx, origin web server
10.0.0.130	8081	nuster, all cores
10.0.0.130	8083	nginx, all cores

origin web server: set server_tokens off; to make http header server same.

Hardware

Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU X5650 @ 2.67GHz(12 cores)
RAM 32GB
1Gbps ethernet card

Software

CentOS: 7.4.1708 (Core)
h2load: nghttp2/1.30.0
nginx: nginx/1.14.0
nuster: nuster/1.8.8.2

System settings

/etc/sysctl.conf

fs.file-max                    = 9999999
fs.nr_open                     = 9999999
net.core.netdev_max_backlog    = 4096
net.core.rmem_max              = 16777216
net.core.somaxconn             = 65535
net.core.wmem_max              = 16777216
net.ipv4.ip_forward            = 0
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range   = 1025       65535
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout       = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time    = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog   = 20480
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets    = 400000
net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save   = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries       = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries    = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle        = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse          = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps        = 1
vm.min_free_kbytes             = 65536
vm.overcommit_memory           = 1

/etc/security/limits.conf

* soft nofile 1000000
* hard nofile 1000000
* soft nproc  1000000
* hard nproc  1000000

Config files

nuster, all cores

global
    maxconn 1000000
    nuster cache on data-size 1g
    daemon
    nbproc 12
    tune.maxaccept -1
    tune.ssl.default-dh-param 2048
    tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams 1000
defaults
    retries 3
    maxconn 1000000
    option redispatch
    option dontlognull
    timeout client  300s
    timeout connect 300s
    timeout server  300s
    http-reuse always
frontend web1
    bind *:8081 ssl crt asdf.pem alpn h2,http/1.1
    mode http
    default_backend app1
backend app1
    balance roundrobin
    mode http
    nuster cache on
    nuster rule all ttl 0
    server a2 10.0.0.129:8080

nginx, all cores

user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 1000000;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/errorall.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginxall.pid;
events {
  worker_connections  1000000;
  use epoll;
  multi_accept on;
}
http {
  include                     /etc/nginx/mime.types;
  default_type                application/octet-stream;
  access_log                  off;
  sendfile                    on;
  server_tokens               off;
  keepalive_timeout           300;
  keepalive_requests          100000;
  tcp_nopush                  on;
  tcp_nodelay                 on;
  client_body_buffer_size     128k;
  client_header_buffer_size   1m;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
  output_buffers              1 32k;
  postpone_output             1460;
  open_file_cache             max=200000 inactive=20s;
  open_file_cache_valid       30s;
  open_file_cache_min_uses    2;
  open_file_cache_errors      on;
  proxy_cache_path /tmp/cache_all levels=1:2 keys_zone=STATIC:10m inactive=24h max_size=1g;
  server {
    listen 8083 ssl http2;
    ssl on;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:5m;
    ssl_session_timeout 1h;
    http2_max_concurrent_streams 1000;
    http2_max_requests 10000000;
    ssl_certificate     a.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key a.key;

    location / {
      proxy_pass        http://10.0.0.129:8080/;
      proxy_cache       STATIC;
      proxy_cache_valid any 1d;
    }
  }
}

Benchmark

nuster

$ h2load -n 10000000 -c 1000 -m 1000 -t 1000 https://10.0.0.130:8081/helloworld


finished in 29.51s, 338924.15 req/s, 48.81MB/s
requests: 10000000 total, 10000000 started, 10000000 done, 10000000 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 errored, 0 timeout
status codes: 10000000 2xx, 0 3xx, 0 4xx, 0 5xx
traffic: 1.41GB (1510024000) total, 1.13GB (1210000000) headers (space savings 34.24%), 114.44MB (120000000) data
                     min         max         mean         sd        +/- sd
time for request:    14.51ms       3.21s       2.53s    500.02ms    74.50%
time for connect:    61.12ms       1.26s    672.73ms    332.30ms    63.50%
time to 1st byte:    95.03ms       3.74s       2.68s    777.51ms    74.00%
req/s           :     339.11      459.68      358.92       17.35    76.20%

nginx

$ h2load -n 10000000 -c 1000 -m 1000 -t 1000 https://10.0.0.130:8083/helloworld


finished in 90.56s, 110419.16 req/s, 15.62MB/s
requests: 10000000 total, 10000000 started, 10000000 done, 10000000 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 errored, 0 timeout
status codes: 10000000 2xx, 0 3xx, 0 4xx, 0 5xx
traffic: 1.38GB (1482955210) total, 1.10GB (1182906210) headers (space savings 35.01%), 114.44MB (120000000) data
                     min         max         mean         sd        +/- sd
time for request:     3.98ms      14.65s       5.14s       3.67s    70.30%
time for connect:    69.96ms       6.74s       1.35s       1.08s    88.90%
time to 1st byte:   114.92ms      15.46s       5.67s       4.06s    63.40%
req/s           :     110.43     5143.28      378.40      590.47    92.50%

nuster wiki
Documentation
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Performance Benchmark
- Web cache server HTTP/2: nuster vs nginx
- Web cache server: nuster vs nginx vs varnish
- Web cache server: nuster vs squid